TAGS: Green and Bioplastics Thermoplastic Composites Nanotechnologies
In a new study, Texas A&M University researchers have used a natural plant product, called cellulose nanocrystals, to pin and coat carbon nanotubes uniformly onto the carbon-fiber composites. The researchers said their prescribed method is quicker than conventional methods and allows the designing of carbon-fiber composites from the nanoscale.
Facilitating Carbon Nanotubes Distribution
To facilitate the even distribution of carbon nanotubes, the research team turned to cellulose nanocrystals, a compound easily obtained from recycled wood pulp. These nanocrystals have segments on their molecules that attract water and other segments that get repelled by water. This unique molecular structure offers the ideal solution to construct composites at the nanoscale.
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The problem with nanoparticles is similar to what happens when you add coarse coffee powder to milk — the powder agglomerates or sticks to each other,” said Dr. Amir Asadi, assistant professor in the Department of Engineering Technology and Industrial Distribution. “
To fully take advantage of the carbon nanotubes, they need to be separated from each other first, and then somehow designed to go to a particular location within the carbon-fiber composite.”
The hydrophobic part of the cellulose nanocrystals binds to the carbon fibers and anchors them onto the polymer matrix. On the other hand, the water-attractive portions of the nanocrystals help in dispersing the carbon fibers evenly, much like how sugar, which is hydrophilic, dissolves in water uniformly rather than clumping and settling to the bottom of a cup.
Using Carbon-fiber Cloth for Composite Production
For their experiments, the researchers used a commercially available carbon-fiber cloth. To this cloth, they added an aqueous solution of cellulose nanocrystals and carbon nanotubes and then applied strong vibration to mix all the items together. Finally, they left the material to dry and spread resin on it to gradually form the carbon nanotube coated polymer composite.
Upon examining a sample of the composite using electron microscopy, the team observed that the cellulose nanocrystals attached to the tips of the carbon nanotubes, orienting the nanotubes in the same direction. They also found that cellulose nanocrystals increased the composite’s resistance to bending by 33% and its inter-laminar strength by 40% based on measuring the mechanical properties of the material under extreme loading.
Designing the Composites from Nanoscale
“In this study, we have taken the approach of designing the composites from the nanoscale using cellulose nanocrystals. This method has allowed us to have more control over the polymer composites’ properties that emerge at the macroscale,” said Asadi. “
We think that our technique is a path forward in scaling up the processing of hybrid composites, which will be useful for a variety of industries, including airline and automobile manufacturing.”
Source: Texas A&M University